Units with pint_xarray.PintIndex

See also

Learn more at the pint-xarray documentation page.

Highlights

pint-xarray provides an index that wraps other indexes and attaches units to the indexed coordinates. This allows operations like integrate or sel to take the units into account.

Example

First we open the dataset, fill in missing units attributes, and calculate the length of the vectors for later:

%xmode minimal
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr

xr.set_options(
    display_expand_indexes=True,
    display_expand_attrs=False,
    display_expand_data=False,
)

ds = (
    xr.tutorial.open_dataset("eraint_uvz")
    .load()
    .assign_coords(
        month=lambda ds: ds["month"].assign_attrs({"units": "months"})
    )
    .assign(windspeed=lambda ds: np.hypot(ds["u"], ds["v"]))
)
ds

Exception reporting mode: Minimal

/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/conventions.py:204: SerializationWarning: variable 'z' has non-conforming '_FillValue' np.float64(nan) defined, dropping '_FillValue' entirely.
  var = coder.decode(var, name=name)
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/conventions.py:204: SerializationWarning: variable 'u' has non-conforming '_FillValue' np.float64(nan) defined, dropping '_FillValue' entirely.
  var = coder.decode(var, name=name)
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/conventions.py:204: SerializationWarning: variable 'v' has non-conforming '_FillValue' np.float64(nan) defined, dropping '_FillValue' entirely.
  var = coder.decode(var, name=name)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 22MB
Dimensions:    (month: 2, level: 3, latitude: 241, longitude: 480)
Coordinates:
  * month      (month) int32 8B 1 7
  * level      (level) int32 12B 200 500 850
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 964B 90.0 89.25 88.5 ... -88.5 -89.25 -90.0
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 2kB -180.0 -179.2 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.2
Data variables:
    z          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB 1.068e+05 ... ...
    u          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB 1.282 ... 3.539
    v          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB -0.04676 ... 3...
    windspeed  (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB 1.283 ... 4.896
Attributes: (2)

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • month: 2
  • level: 3
  • latitude: 241
  • longitude: 480
• Coordinates: (4)
  • month
    (month)
    int32
    1 7

    units :

    months

    array([1, 7], dtype=int32)

  • level
    (level)
    int32
    200 500 850

    units :

    millibars

    long_name :

    pressure_level

    array([200, 500, 850], dtype=int32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    90.0 89.25 88.5 ... -89.25 -90.0

    units :

    degrees_north

    long_name :

    latitude

    array([ 90.  ,  89.25,  88.5 , ..., -88.5 , -89.25, -90.  ],
          shape=(241,), dtype=float32)

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.2 ... 178.5 179.2

    units :

    degrees_east

    long_name :

    longitude

    array([-180.  , -179.25, -178.5 , ...,  177.75,  178.5 ,  179.25],
          shape=(480,), dtype=float32)

• Data variables: (4)
  • z
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    1.068e+05 1.068e+05 ... 1.178e+04

    number_of_significant_digits :

    5

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    array([[[[106837.51210859, 106839.23713606, 106837.51210859, ...,
              106839.23713606, 106837.51210859, 106839.23713606],
             [106856.48741073, 106858.2124382 , 106856.48741073, ...,
              106856.48741073, 106856.48741073, 106856.48741073],
             [106884.08785021, 106884.08785021, 106884.08785021, ...,
              106884.08785021, 106884.08785021, 106884.08785021],
             ...,
             [109795.93421535, 109795.93421535, 109795.93421535, ...,
              109795.93421535, 109795.93421535, 109795.93421535],
             [109802.83432522, 109804.55935268, 109804.55935268, ...,
              109804.55935268, 109802.83432522, 109802.83432522],
             [109808.00940762, 109808.00940762, 109808.00940762, ...,
              109808.00940762, 109808.00940762, 109808.00940762]],
    
            [[ 49723.57768724,  49723.57768724,  49723.57768724, ...,
               49723.57768724,  49723.57768724,  49723.57768724],
             [ 49744.27801685,  49744.27801685,  49744.27801685, ...,
               49746.00304431,  49746.00304431,  49746.00304431],
             [ 49771.87845633,  49771.87845633,  49771.87845633, ...,
               49771.87845633,  49771.87845633,  49771.87845633],
    ...
               47893.32354422,  47891.59851676,  47891.59851676],
             [ 47941.62431331,  47941.62431331,  47941.62431331, ...,
               47943.34934078,  47941.62431331,  47941.62431331],
             [ 47974.3998352 ,  47974.3998352 ,  47974.3998352 , ...,
               47974.3998352 ,  47974.3998352 ,  47974.3998352 ]],
    
            [[ 13485.92567753,  13485.92567753,  13485.92567753, ...,
               13485.92567753,  13485.92567753,  13485.92567753],
             [ 13484.20065006,  13484.20065006,  13484.20065006, ...,
               13484.20065006,  13484.20065006,  13484.20065006],
             [ 13484.20065006,  13484.20065006,  13484.20065006, ...,
               13482.4756226 ,  13482.4756226 ,  13484.20065006],
             ...,
             [ 11360.69183758,  11358.96681011,  11357.24178264, ...,
               11364.14189251,  11362.41686504,  11362.41686504],
             [ 11612.54584783,  11612.54584783,  11612.54584783, ...,
               11612.54584783,  11612.54584783,  11612.54584783],
             [ 11776.42345724,  11776.42345724,  11776.42345724, ...,
               11776.42345724,  11776.42345724,  11776.42345724]]]],
          shape=(2, 3, 241, 480))

  • u
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    1.282 1.282 1.282 ... 3.578 3.539

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    units :

    m s**-1

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    array([[[[ 1.28176025e+00,  1.28176025e+00,  1.28176025e+00, ...,
               1.28176025e+00,  1.28176025e+00,  1.28176025e+00],
             [ 2.01621345e+00,  2.03194050e+00,  2.02407698e+00, ...,
               2.00834993e+00,  2.00834993e+00,  2.02407698e+00],
             [ 2.81986568e+00,  2.83559273e+00,  2.83559273e+00, ...,
               2.79627510e+00,  2.79627510e+00,  2.81986568e+00],
             ...,
             [-5.07977973e-01, -4.92250923e-01, -4.84387399e-01, ...,
              -5.47295596e-01, -5.31568547e-01, -5.23705022e-01],
             [-5.70886170e-01, -5.63022645e-01, -5.47295596e-01, ...,
              -5.94476744e-01, -5.86613219e-01, -5.78749695e-01],
             [-5.39432071e-01, -5.39432071e-01, -5.31568547e-01, ...,
              -5.55159121e-01, -5.47295596e-01, -5.47295596e-01]],
    
            [[ 1.92185116e+00,  1.90612411e+00,  1.89039706e+00, ...,
               1.96116878e+00,  1.95330526e+00,  1.93757821e+00],
             [ 2.30401846e+00,  2.30401846e+00,  2.28200059e+00, ...,
               2.33547256e+00,  2.31974551e+00,  2.31974551e+00],
             [ 2.74280313e+00,  2.74280313e+00,  2.73493961e+00, ...,
               2.76639371e+00,  2.75066666e+00,  2.75853018e+00],
    ...
              -4.46804901e+00, -4.46804901e+00, -4.49950311e+00],
             [-3.55430744e+00, -3.58576154e+00, -3.59362506e+00, ...,
              -3.49297195e+00, -3.50712629e+00, -3.53858039e+00],
             [-2.39050578e+00, -2.42195988e+00, -2.43768693e+00, ...,
              -2.31973406e+00, -2.33546111e+00, -2.36691521e+00]],
    
            [[-1.63555591e-01, -1.55692066e-01, -1.55692066e-01, ...,
              -1.87146165e-01, -1.79282641e-01, -1.71419116e-01],
             [ 7.86924709e-03,  1.57327718e-02,  2.35962965e-02, ...,
              -1.57213270e-02, -7.85780230e-03,  5.72239517e-06],
             [ 2.73656382e-01,  2.81519906e-01,  2.89383431e-01, ...,
               2.42202283e-01,  2.50065808e-01,  2.65792857e-01],
             ...,
             [-1.68750668e+00, -1.68750668e+00, -1.69537020e+00, ...,
              -1.66391610e+00, -1.67177963e+00, -1.67964315e+00],
             [ 1.45318509e+00,  1.42959451e+00,  1.39027689e+00, ...,
               1.55541091e+00,  1.52395681e+00,  1.49250271e+00],
             [ 3.48511987e+00,  3.45366577e+00,  3.39862109e+00, ...,
               3.62509060e+00,  3.57790946e+00,  3.53859183e+00]]]],
          shape=(2, 3, 241, 480))

  • v
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    -0.04676 -0.06253 ... 3.328 3.383

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    units :

    m s**-1

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    array([[[[-0.04675769, -0.06252575, -0.07829381, ...,  0.00771379,
              -0.00757645, -0.02334451],
             [ 0.14054775,  0.10948945,  0.08607627, ...,  0.22655535,
               0.19549705,  0.17208387],
             [ 0.33597613,  0.29679489,  0.25761365, ...,  0.45304203,
               0.41386079,  0.37515737],
             ...,
             [-0.68751431, -0.70328237, -0.71857261, ..., -0.65645601,
              -0.66410113, -0.67986919],
             [-0.51549911, -0.53126717, -0.53891229, ..., -0.49208593,
              -0.50020887, -0.50785399],
             [-0.37502003, -0.38266515, -0.39078809, ..., -0.35160685,
              -0.35925197, -0.36737491]],
    
            [[-1.07789324, -1.10942936, -1.13284254, ..., -1.0076537 ,
              -1.03106688, -1.062603  ],
             [-0.92976904, -0.96082734, -0.99236346, ..., -0.82799338,
              -0.8595295 , -0.89823292],
             [-0.76539897, -0.81270315, -0.85140656, ..., -0.64833307,
              -0.68751431, -0.72669555],
    ...
             [ 1.57830812,  1.50759076,  1.43735122, ...,  1.78138162,
               1.7187872 ,  1.64854766],
             [ 1.83585309,  1.78902674,  1.73455526, ...,  1.98445511,
               1.93762875,  1.89080239],
             [ 1.92186069,  1.89080239,  1.85926627, ...,  2.01551341,
               1.98445511,  1.95291899]],
    
            [[ 0.51563644,  0.51563644,  0.51563644, ...,  0.50799132,
               0.50799132,  0.50799132],
             [ 0.54669474,  0.54669474,  0.54669474, ...,  0.53904962,
               0.53904962,  0.54669474],
             [ 0.58587598,  0.58587598,  0.58587598, ...,  0.58587598,
               0.57823086,  0.58587598],
             ...,
             [ 4.73430919,  4.75007725,  4.75007725, ...,  4.73430919,
               4.71854113,  4.73430919],
             [ 3.19525098,  3.2267871 ,  3.24207734, ...,  3.12501144,
               3.14842462,  3.17948292],
             [ 3.42173766,  3.46856402,  3.50774526, ...,  3.2889037 ,
               3.32808494,  3.38303424]]]], shape=(2, 3, 241, 480))

  • windspeed
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    1.283 1.283 1.284 ... 4.886 4.896

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    units :

    m s**-1

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    array([[[[1.28261281, 1.28328438, 1.28414923, ..., 1.28178346,
              1.28178264, 1.28197281],
             [2.02110622, 2.03488824, 2.0259064 , ..., 2.02108801,
              2.01784254, 2.03137896],
             [2.83981027, 2.85108283, 2.84727078, ..., 2.83273746,
              2.82673578, 2.84471185],
             ...,
             [0.85482018, 0.85843873, 0.86658972, ..., 0.8546736 ,
              0.85064412, 0.85818941],
             [0.76918811, 0.77410549, 0.76808784, ..., 0.77171961,
              0.77092411, 0.76997849],
             [0.65698324, 0.66137703, 0.65975787, ..., 0.65713699,
              0.65467125, 0.65916371]],
    
            [[2.20348944, 2.20548013, 2.20384511, ..., 2.20489205,
              2.20873275, 2.20982679],
             [2.48454654, 2.49633536, 2.48843564, ..., 2.47790337,
              2.47386543, 2.48757746],
             [2.84759629, 2.86067395, 2.86440008, ..., 2.84135002,
              2.83528535, 2.85264354],
    ...
             [4.76828949, 4.77518618, 4.75347785, ..., 4.81007093,
              4.78724256, 4.79199724],
             [4.00043222, 4.00728118, 3.99034122, ..., 4.01732686,
              4.00678674, 4.0120674 ],
             [3.06725715, 3.07262483, 3.06580962, ..., 3.07302139,
              3.06470891, 3.06857951]],
    
            [[0.54095413, 0.53862878, 0.53862878, ..., 0.5413676 ,
              0.53869978, 0.53613403],
             [0.54675138, 0.54692108, 0.54720374, ..., 0.53927883,
              0.53910689, 0.54669474],
             [0.64663628, 0.65000317, 0.65344735, ..., 0.63396578,
              0.62998717, 0.64334789],
             ...,
             [5.02606828, 5.04092379, 5.04356164, ..., 5.01819692,
              5.00594422, 5.02343355],
             [3.51018173, 3.52929107, 3.52759625, ..., 3.49070188,
              3.49785963, 3.51236046],
             [4.88409143, 4.89476696, 4.88414805, ..., 4.89470831,
              4.88646963, 4.89556461]]]], shape=(2, 3, 241, 480))

• Attributes: (2)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.0

  Info :

  Monthly ERA-Interim data. Downloaded and edited by fabien.maussion@uibk.ac.at

Quantifying

Now we can quantify to convert arrays with a "units" attribute to quantity arrays:

import cf_xarray.units
import pint_xarray

quantified = ds.pint.quantify()
quantified

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 22MB
Dimensions:    (month: 2, level: 3, latitude: 241, longitude: 480)
Coordinates:
  * month      (month) int32 8B [month] 1 7
  * level      (level) int32 12B [mbar] 200 500 850
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 964B [degrees_north] 90.0 89.25 ... -90.0
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 2kB [degrees_east] -180.0 -179.2 ... 179.2
Data variables:
    z          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB [m²/s²] 1.068e...
    u          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB [m/s] 1.282 .....
    v          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB [m/s] -0.04676...
    windspeed  (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 6MB [m/s] 1.283 .....
Indexes:
    longitude  PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})
    latitude   PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})
    level      PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'level': 'mbar'})
    month      PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'month': 'month'})
Attributes: (2)

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • month: 2
  • level: 3
  • latitude: 241
  • longitude: 480
• Coordinates: (4)
  • month
    (month)
    int32
    [month] 1 7

    Magnitude	[1 7]
    Units	month

  • level
    (level)
    int32
    [mbar] 200 500 850

    long_name :

    pressure_level

    Magnitude	[200 500 850]
    Units	millibar

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    [degrees_north] 90.0 ... -90.0

    long_name :

    latitude

    Magnitude

    [90.0 89.25 88.5 87.75 87.0 86.25 85.5 84.75 84.0 83.25 82.5 81.75 81.0 80.25 79.5 78.75 78.0 77.25 76.5 75.75 75.0 74.25 73.5 72.75 72.0 71.25 70.5 69.75 69.0 68.25 67.5 66.75 66.0 65.25 64.5 63.75 63.0 62.25 61.5 60.75 60.0 59.25 58.5 57.75 57.0 56.25 55.5 54.75 54.0 53.25 52.5 51.75 51.0 50.25 49.5 48.75 48.0 47.25 46.5 45.75 45.0 44.25 43.5 42.75 42.0 41.25 40.5 39.75 39.0 38.25 37.5 36.75 36.0 35.25 34.5 33.75 33.0 32.25 31.5 30.75 30.0 29.25 28.5 27.75 27.0 26.25 25.5 24.75 24.0 23.25 22.5 21.75 21.0 20.25 19.5 18.75 18.0 17.25 16.5 15.75 15.0 14.25 13.5 12.75 12.0 11.25 10.5 9.75 9.0 8.25 7.5 6.75 6.0 5.25 4.5 3.75 3.0 2.25 1.5 0.75 0.0 -0.75 -1.5 -2.25 -3.0 -3.75 -4.5 -5.25 -6.0 -6.75 -7.5 -8.25 -9.0 -9.75 -10.5 -11.25 -12.0 -12.75 -13.5 -14.25 -15.0 -15.75 -16.5 -17.25 -18.0 -18.75 -19.5 -20.25 -21.0 -21.75 -22.5 -23.25 -24.0 -24.75 -25.5 -26.25 -27.0 -27.75 -28.5 -29.25 -30.0 -30.75 -31.5 -32.25 -33.0 -33.75 -34.5 -35.25 -36.0 -36.75 -37.5 -38.25 -39.0 -39.75 -40.5 -41.25 -42.0 -42.75 -43.5 -44.25 -45.0 -45.75 -46.5 -47.25 -48.0 -48.75 -49.5 -50.25 -51.0 -51.75 -52.5 -53.25 -54.0 -54.75 -55.5 -56.25 -57.0 -57.75 -58.5 -59.25 -60.0 -60.75 -61.5 -62.25 -63.0 -63.75 -64.5 -65.25 -66.0 -66.75 -67.5 -68.25 -69.0 -69.75 -70.5 -71.25 -72.0 -72.75 -73.5 -74.25 -75.0 -75.75 -76.5 -77.25 -78.0 -78.75 -79.5 -80.25 -81.0 -81.75 -82.5 -83.25 -84.0 -84.75 -85.5 -86.25 -87.0 -87.75 -88.5 -89.25 -90.0]

    Units

    degrees_north

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    [degrees_east] -180.0 ... 179.2

    long_name :

    longitude

    Magnitude

    [-180.0 -179.25 -178.5 -177.75 -177.0 -176.25 -175.5 -174.75 -174.0 -173.25 -172.5 -171.75 -171.0 -170.25 -169.5 -168.75 -168.0 -167.25 -166.5 -165.75 -165.0 -164.25 -163.5 -162.75 -162.0 -161.25 -160.5 -159.75 -159.0 -158.25 -157.5 -156.75 -156.0 -155.25 -154.5 -153.75 -153.0 -152.25 -151.5 -150.75 -150.0 -149.25 -148.5 -147.75 -147.0 -146.25 -145.5 -144.75 -144.0 -143.25 -142.5 -141.75 -141.0 -140.25 -139.5 -138.75 -138.0 -137.25 -136.5 -135.75 -135.0 -134.25 -133.5 -132.75 -132.0 -131.25 -130.5 -129.75 -129.0 -128.25 -127.5 -126.75 -126.0 -125.25 -124.5 -123.75 -123.0 -122.25 -121.5 -120.75 -120.0 -119.25 -118.5 -117.75 -117.0 -116.25 -115.5 -114.75 -114.0 -113.25 -112.5 -111.75 -111.0 -110.25 -109.5 -108.75 -108.0 -107.25 -106.5 -105.75 -105.0 -104.25 -103.5 -102.75 -102.0 -101.25 -100.5 -99.75 -99.0 -98.25 -97.5 -96.75 -96.0 -95.25 -94.5 -93.75 -93.0 -92.25 -91.5 -90.75 -90.0 -89.25 -88.5 -87.75 -87.0 -86.25 -85.5 -84.75 -84.0 -83.25 -82.5 -81.75 -81.0 -80.25 -79.5 -78.75 -78.0 -77.25 -76.5 -75.75 -75.0 -74.25 -73.5 -72.75 -72.0 -71.25 -70.5 -69.75 -69.0 -68.25 -67.5 -66.75 -66.0 -65.25 -64.5 -63.75 -63.0 -62.25 -61.5 -60.75 -60.0 -59.25 -58.5 -57.75 -57.0 -56.25 -55.5 -54.75 -54.0 -53.25 -52.5 -51.75 -51.0 -50.25 -49.5 -48.75 -48.0 -47.25 -46.5 -45.75 -45.0 -44.25 -43.5 -42.75 -42.0 -41.25 -40.5 -39.75 -39.0 -38.25 -37.5 -36.75 -36.0 -35.25 -34.5 -33.75 -33.0 -32.25 -31.5 -30.75 -30.0 -29.25 -28.5 -27.75 -27.0 -26.25 -25.5 -24.75 -24.0 -23.25 -22.5 -21.75 -21.0 -20.25 -19.5 -18.75 -18.0 -17.25 -16.5 -15.75 -15.0 -14.25 -13.5 -12.75 -12.0 -11.25 -10.5 -9.75 -9.0 -8.25 -7.5 -6.75 -6.0 -5.25 -4.5 -3.75 -3.0 -2.25 -1.5 -0.75 0.0 0.75 1.5 2.25 3.0 3.75 4.5 5.25 6.0 6.75 7.5 8.25 9.0 9.75 10.5 11.25 12.0 12.75 13.5 14.25 15.0 15.75 16.5 17.25 18.0 18.75 19.5 20.25 21.0 21.75 22.5 23.25 24.0 24.75 25.5 26.25 27.0 27.75 28.5 29.25 30.0 30.75 31.5 32.25 33.0 33.75 34.5 35.25 36.0 36.75 37.5 38.25 39.0 39.75 40.5 41.25 42.0 42.75 43.5 44.25 45.0 45.75 46.5 47.25 48.0 48.75 49.5 50.25 51.0 51.75 52.5 53.25 54.0 54.75 55.5 56.25 57.0 57.75 58.5 59.25 60.0 60.75 61.5 62.25 63.0 63.75 64.5 65.25 66.0 66.75 67.5 68.25 69.0 69.75 70.5 71.25 72.0 72.75 73.5 74.25 75.0 75.75 76.5 77.25 78.0 78.75 79.5 80.25 81.0 81.75 82.5 83.25 84.0 84.75 85.5 86.25 87.0 87.75 88.5 89.25 90.0 90.75 91.5 92.25 93.0 93.75 94.5 95.25 96.0 96.75 97.5 98.25 99.0 99.75 100.5 101.25 102.0 102.75 103.5 104.25 105.0 105.75 106.5 107.25 108.0 108.75 109.5 110.25 111.0 111.75 112.5 113.25 114.0 114.75 115.5 116.25 117.0 117.75 118.5 119.25 120.0 120.75 121.5 122.25 123.0 123.75 124.5 125.25 126.0 126.75 127.5 128.25 129.0 129.75 130.5 131.25 132.0 132.75 133.5 134.25 135.0 135.75 136.5 137.25 138.0 138.75 139.5 140.25 141.0 141.75 142.5 143.25 144.0 144.75 145.5 146.25 147.0 147.75 148.5 149.25 150.0 150.75 151.5 152.25 153.0 153.75 154.5 155.25 156.0 156.75 157.5 158.25 159.0 159.75 160.5 161.25 162.0 162.75 163.5 164.25 165.0 165.75 166.5 167.25 168.0 168.75 169.5 170.25 171.0 171.75 172.5 173.25 174.0 174.75 175.5 176.25 177.0 177.75 178.5 179.25]

    Units

    degrees_east

• Data variables: (4)
  • z
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m²/s²] 1.068e+05 ... 1.178e+04

    number_of_significant_digits :

    5

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    Magnitude

    [[[[106837.51210858817 106839.23713605566 106837.51210858817 ... 106839.23713605566 106837.51210858817 106839.23713605566] [106856.48741073062 106858.21243819813 106856.48741073062 ... 106856.48741073062 106856.48741073062 106856.48741073062] [106884.08785021058 106884.08785021058 106884.08785021058 ... 106884.08785021058 106884.08785021058 106884.08785021058] ... [109795.93421534517 109795.93421534517 109795.93421534517 ... 109795.93421534517 109795.93421534517 109795.93421534517] [109802.83432521517 109804.55935268266 109804.55935268266 ... 109804.55935268266 109802.83432521517 109802.83432521517] [109808.00940761765 109808.00940761765 109808.00940761765 ... 109808.00940761765 109808.00940761765 109808.00940761765]] [[49723.57768723677 49723.57768723677 49723.57768723677 ... 49723.57768723677 49723.57768723677 49723.57768723677] [49744.27801684673 49744.27801684673 49744.27801684673 ... 49746.00304431423 49746.00304431423 49746.00304431423] [49771.87845632668 49771.87845632668 49771.87845632668 ... 49771.87845632668 49771.87845632668 49771.87845632668] ... [50325.612273393155 50323.88724592565 50323.88724592565 ... 50327.33730086065 50325.612273393155 50325.612273393155] [50353.2127128731 50353.2127128731 50351.487685405606 ... 50353.2127128731 50353.2127128731 50353.2127128731] [50368.73796008057 50368.73796008057 50368.73796008057 ... 50368.73796008057 50368.73796008057 50368.73796008057]] [[12714.838399560525 12714.838399560525 12714.838399560525 ... 12714.838399560525 12714.838399560525 12714.838399560525] [12752.78900384545 12752.78900384545 12752.78900384545 ... 12752.78900384545 12752.78900384545 12752.78900384545] [12790.739608130381 12790.739608130381 12790.739608130381 ... 12790.739608130381 12790.739608130381 12790.739608130381] ... [12255.981093206377 12254.256065738882 12254.256065738882 ... 12257.706120673873 12257.706120673873 12255.981093206377] [12333.607329243729 12333.607329243729 12333.607329243729 ... 12335.332356711231 12335.332356711231 12335.332356711231] [12371.55793352866 12371.55793352866 12371.55793352866 ... 12371.55793352866 12371.55793352866 12371.55793352866]]] [[[114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331 ... 114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331] [114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331 ... 114829.56436550082 114827.83933803331 114827.83933803331] [114834.73944790331 114834.73944790331 114834.73944790331 ... 114834.73944790331 114834.73944790331 114834.73944790331] ... [103508.20909631936 103508.20909631936 103508.20909631936 ... 103506.48406885186 103508.20909631936 103508.20909631936] [103525.45937099433 103525.45937099433 103525.45937099433 ... 103525.45937099433 103525.45937099433 103525.45937099433] [103537.53456326679 103539.25959073429 103537.53456326679 ... 103539.25959073429 103537.53456326679 103539.25959073429]] [[53382.360945797474 53382.360945797474 53382.360945797474 ... 53382.360945797474 53382.360945797474 53382.360945797474] [53378.91089086248 53378.91089086248 53378.91089086248 ... 53377.18586339498 53377.18586339498 53378.91089086248] [53378.91089086248 53378.91089086248 53378.91089086248 ... 53378.91089086248 53378.91089086248 53378.91089086248] ... [47891.59851675517 47889.87348928768 47889.87348928768 ... 47893.32354422267 47891.59851675517 47891.59851675517] [47941.62431331258 47941.62431331258 47941.62431331258 ... 47943.34934078008 47941.62431331258 47941.62431331258] [47974.39983519502 47974.39983519502 47974.39983519502 ... 47974.39983519502 47974.39983519502 47974.39983519502]] [[13485.925677531588 13485.925677531588 13485.925677531588 ... 13485.925677531588 13485.925677531588 13485.925677531588] [13484.200650064093 13484.200650064093 13484.200650064093 ... 13484.200650064093 13484.200650064093 13484.200650064093] [13484.200650064093 13484.200650064093 13484.200650064093 ... 13482.475622596598 13482.475622596598 13484.200650064093] ... [11360.691837575541 11358.966810108039 11357.241782640544 ... 11364.141892510532 11362.416865043037 11362.416865043037] [11612.545847830072 11612.545847830072 11612.545847830072 ... 11612.545847830072 11612.545847830072 11612.545847830072] [11776.423457242265 11776.423457242265 11776.423457242265 ... 11776.423457242265 11776.423457242265 11776.423457242265]]]]

    Units

    meter2/second2

  • u
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m/s] 1.282 1.282 ... 3.578 3.539

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    Magnitude

    [[[[1.2817602469022766 1.2817602469022766 1.2817602469022766 ... 1.2817602469022766 1.2817602469022766 1.2817602469022766] [2.0162134529695415 2.031940502349997 2.024076977659771 ... 2.0083499282793156 2.0083499282793156 2.024076977659771] [2.819865676310812 2.835592725691267 2.835592725691267 ... 2.796275102240127 2.796275102240127 2.819865676310812] ... [-0.5079779725935403 -0.49225092321308495 -0.48438739852285906 ... -0.5472955960446804 -0.531568546664225 -0.5237050219739956] [-0.5708861701153616 -0.5630226454251357 -0.5472955960446804 ... -0.5944767441860463 -0.5866132194958169 -0.578749694805591] [-0.5394320713544509 -0.5394320713544509 -0.531568546664225 ... -0.5551591207349063 -0.5472955960446804 -0.5472955960446804]] [[1.9218511566868095 1.9061241073063542 1.8903970579258988 ... 1.9611687801379496 1.9533052554477202 1.9375782060672648] [2.3040184566318764 2.3040184566318764 2.282000587499237 ... 2.335472555392787 2.3197455060123318 2.3197455060123318] [2.7428031343465804 2.7428031343465804 2.734939609656351 ... 2.7663937084172616 2.7506666590368063 2.7585301837270357] ... [-2.569794146371237 -2.5933847204419216 -2.609111769822377 ... -2.51632217847769 -2.5304765229201003 -2.561930621681011] [-1.921839711896478 -1.9454302859671593 -1.969020860037844 ... -1.8432044649942014 -1.8667950390648826 -1.8982491378257933] [-1.2345676539705792 -1.2660217527314899 -1.2974758514924005 ... -1.1323418329976178 -1.171659456448758 -1.2031135552096686]] [[3.21146920588415 3.21146920588415 3.1957421565036945 ... 3.2429233046450605 3.227196255264605 3.227196255264605] [3.2036056811939204 3.2036056811939204 3.187878631813465 ... 3.227196255264605 3.2193327305743757 3.2193327305743757] [3.272804698467926 3.272804698467926 3.2649411737776965 ... 3.2885317478483813 3.272804698467926 3.280668223158152] ... [-1.9454302859671593 -1.9847479094182994 -2.0083384834889806 ... -1.8432044649942014 -1.874658563755112 -1.9139761872062486] [0.05505039522676114 0.015732771775621046 -0.031448376365744934 ... 0.18715761002258446 0.13997646188121848 0.10223154336812712] [1.3509592641762822 1.3132143456631873 1.2660331975218213 ... 1.4846391839101507 1.4374580357687847 1.3981404123176482]]] [[[0.023596296465850486 0.007869247085395159 5.722395165719263e-06 ... 0.07077744460721647 0.05505039522676114 0.03932334584630581] [0.4136271211011433 0.397900071720688 0.38217302234023265 ... 0.45294474455227984 0.4372176951718245 0.42935417048159863] [0.8429755691875727 0.836684749435392 0.8209577000549366 ... 0.8822931926387128 0.8744296679484833 0.858702618568028] ... [-1.3430842946957213 -1.3210664255630817 -1.2817488021119452 ... -1.4295830662882238 -1.3981289675273132 -1.374538393456632] [-1.3902654428370873 -1.3666748687664025 -1.3430842946957213 ... -1.4767642144295898 -1.4453101156686792 -1.421719541597998] [-1.2974758514924005 -1.2817488021119452 -1.2502947033510345 ... -1.374538393456632 -1.3430842946957213 -1.327357245315266]] [[-0.3601437084172616 -0.3601437084172616 -0.3601437084172616 ... -0.36643452816944233 -0.36643452816944233 -0.3601437084172616] [0.09436801867789768 0.09436801867789768 0.09436801867789768 ... 0.07864096929744235 0.0865044939876718 0.0865044939876718] [0.5787611395959225 0.5787611395959225 0.5787611395959225 ... 0.5630340902154671 0.5630340902154671 0.5708976149056966] ... [-4.49950310535311 -4.530957204114021 -4.530957204114021 ... -4.468049006592199 -4.468049006592199 -4.49950310535311] [-3.5543074375877417 -3.5857615363486524 -3.593625061038882 ... -3.4929719450039656 -3.5071262894463757 -3.5385803882072864] [-2.3905057834340475 -2.421959882194958 -2.4376869315754135 ... -2.3197340612219968 -2.335461110602452 -2.3669152093633627]] [[-0.16355559116156826 -0.15569206647134237 -0.15569206647134237 ... -0.18714616523225303 -0.17928264054202359 -0.1714191158517977] [0.007869247085395159 0.015732771775621046 0.023596296465850486 ... -0.015721326985289608 -0.007857802295060168 5.722395165719263e-06] [0.27365638161509054 0.2815199063053164 0.28938343099554587 ... 0.24220228285417988 0.25006580754440577 0.2657928569248611] ... [-1.6875066761276933 -1.6875066761276933 -1.6953702008179192 ... -1.6639161020570086 -1.671779626747238 -1.679643151437464] [1.45318508514924 1.4295945110785588 1.3902768876274187 ... 1.5554109061222015 1.5239568073612908 1.4925027086003801] [3.485119865104071 3.4536657663431605 3.3986210935115686 ... 3.625090604590124 3.577909456448758 3.5385918329976214]]]]

    Units

    meter/second

  • v
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m/s] -0.04676 -0.06253 ... 3.383

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    Magnitude

    [[[[-0.046757690899102755 -0.06252575077824574 -0.07829381065738872 ... 0.007713788683391343 -0.00757645119941408 -0.023344511078557062] [0.1405477476652628 0.10948944790331439 0.08607626808276869 ... 0.22655534700604285 0.19549704724409445 0.17208386742354875] [0.3359761261673686 0.29679488646767993 0.25761364676799126 ... 0.45304202527009707 0.4138607855704084 0.3751573658670573] ... [-0.6875143059879143 -0.7032823658670573 -0.7185726057498627 ... -0.656456006225966 -0.6641011261673686 -0.6798691860465116] [-0.5154991073063542 -0.5312671671854972 -0.5389122871268999 ... -0.4920859274858085 -0.5002088674235489 -0.5078539873649515] [-0.37502002838308 -0.38266514832448273 -0.390788088262223 ... -0.3516068485625343 -0.35925196850393704 -0.3673749084416773]] [[-1.0778932429957884 -1.1094293627540743 -1.13284254257462 ... -1.0076537035341513 -1.031066883354697 -1.062603003112983] [-0.9297690441311115 -0.9608273438930599 -0.9923634636513459 ... -0.8279933849111885 -0.8595295046694744 -0.8982329243728255] [-0.7653989653909541 -0.812703145028383 -0.8514065647317342 ... -0.6483330662882256 -0.6875143059879143 -0.726695545687603] ... [1.9376287538912287 1.89844751419154 1.8592662744918513 ... 2.054694652993957 2.0078682933528658 1.9763321735945798] [2.2577681514374657 2.23435497161692 2.2032966718549716 ... 2.3437757507782457 2.3127174510162973 2.288826451199414] [2.515790949459806 2.5076680095220656 2.476609709760117 ... 2.5702624290423 2.5468492492217543 2.5392041292803516]] [[-0.5470352270646401 -0.5857386467679913 -0.6249198864676799 ... -0.4142012680827687 -0.4610276277238601 -0.5002088674235489] [-0.48444080754440577 -0.5312671671854972 -0.5780935268265885 ... -0.3516068485625343 -0.3984332082036257 -0.4452595678447171] [-0.3984332082036257 -0.4452595678447171 -0.5002088674235489 ... -0.25795412928035155 -0.30478048892144294 -0.3516068485625343] ... [4.34393025544772 4.359220495330526 4.34393025544772 ... 4.374988555209669 4.359220495330526 4.359220495330526] [3.7576451199414027 3.7734131798205457 3.7734131798205457 ... 3.7423548800585973 3.7423548800585973 3.7576451199414027] [3.3749113028749314 3.398324482695477 3.4064474226332173 ... 3.3204398232924373 3.3357300631752427 3.3591432429957884]]] [[[-1.0860161829335286 -1.0860161829335286 -1.0860161829335286 ... -1.0860161829335286 -1.0778932429957884 -1.0860161829335286] [-1.0391898232924373 -1.0391898232924373 -1.04683494323384 ... -1.031066883354697 -1.031066883354697 -1.0391898232924373] [-1.0157766434718916 -1.0157766434718916 -1.0157766434718916 ... -1.0076537035341513 -1.0076537035341513 -1.0076537035341513] ... [-2.000085835927486 -2.046912195568577 -2.0779704953305256 ... -1.8830199368247573 -1.9217233565281084 -1.9609045962277971] [-1.9140782365867057 -1.9451365363486541 -1.9685497161691998 ... -1.8280706372459257 -1.8596067570042116 -1.89066505676616] [-1.8596067570042116 -1.874896996887017 -1.89066505676616 ... -1.8123025773667827 -1.8280706372459257 -1.8438386971250686]] [[0.16396092748580848 0.17208386742354875 0.17208386742354875 ... 0.14867068760300306 0.15631580754440577 0.16396092748580848] [0.19549704724409445 0.20314216718549716 0.20314216718549716 ... 0.18737410730635418 0.18737410730635418 0.19549704724409445] [0.21891022706464014 0.21891022706464014 0.21891022706464014 ... 0.21078728712689987 0.21078728712689987 0.21891022706464014] ... [1.578308116645303 1.5075907571873284 1.4373512177256913 ... 1.7813816150888115 1.7187871955685772 1.64854765610694] [1.8358530946713056 1.7890267350302143 1.7345552554477202 ... 1.98445511353232 1.9376287538912287 1.8908023942501373] [1.9218606940120857 1.8908023942501373 1.8592662744918513 ... 2.0155134132942685 1.98445511353232 1.952918993774034]] [[0.5156364447903314 0.5156364447903314 0.5156364447903314 ... 0.5079913248489287 0.5079913248489287 0.5079913248489287] [0.5466947445522798 0.5466947445522798 0.5466947445522798 ... 0.5390496246108771 0.5390496246108771 0.5466947445522798] [0.5858759842519685 0.5858759842519685 0.5858759842519685 ... 0.5858759842519685 0.5782308643105658 0.5858759842519685] ... [4.734309192455594 4.750077252334737 4.750077252334737 ... 4.734309192455594 4.718541132576451 4.734309192455594] [3.1952509842519685 3.2267871040102545 3.24207734389306 ... 3.1250114447903314 3.148424624610877 3.1794829243728255] [3.4217376625160227 3.468564022157114 3.507745261856803 ... 3.2889037035341513 3.32808494323384 3.3830342428126716]]]]

    Units

    meter/second

  • windspeed
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m/s] 1.283 1.283 ... 4.886 4.896

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    Magnitude

    [[[[1.2826128068116274 1.2832843800379432 1.284149232498404 ... 1.2817834579502254 1.2817826388088436 1.281972814351569] [2.021106221184117 2.03488823877198 2.0259063984842363 ... 2.02108801383724 2.0178425433865477 2.0313789574867016] [2.8398102735553064 2.8510828312461554 2.8472707804131194 ... 2.832737461197007 2.8267357848304444 2.844711845090842] ... [0.8548201808440691 0.8584387325509607 0.866589719291598 ... 0.8546735970884133 0.8506441239316731 0.858189408100758] [0.7691881101932307 0.7741054851832669 0.768087835254698 ... 0.7717196119107058 0.7709241080264626 0.769978494323085] [0.6569832427803616 0.6613770296494669 0.659757872048799 ... 0.6571369912668371 0.6546712505707393 0.6591637071338445]] [[2.2034894399008147 2.2054801344367982 2.2038451086412185 ... 2.204892054145478 2.208732745017027 2.2098267911425933] [2.484546542917805 2.4963353607384016 2.4884356381745056 ... 2.4779033682630973 2.4738654332970014 2.48757745589796] [2.847596286344497 2.860673947817271 2.8644000780155565 ... 2.84135001624462 2.8352853454413984 2.8526435442682487] ... [3.218423083224135 3.213992419462383 3.203800135290662 ... 3.2486377795840315 3.2303013042905997 3.235641724711178] [2.964959511336991 2.9626071519436237 2.9549212123965956 ... 2.9817255859167675 2.9721348768372837 2.973562898774208] [2.802384947435718 2.8091297450224104 2.7958968578407934 ... 2.8086379227132197 2.8034312868603024 2.809811352543732]] [[3.2577265078566424 3.2644485327019277 3.256269766981486 ... 3.2692681520932805 3.2599604512200115 3.2657318599424294] [3.2400265826983947 3.2473580282296046 3.239870722256012 ... 3.246293739936355 3.243894611658477 3.249978355759424] [3.2969682460880883 3.3029542347830065 3.303036448372623 ... 3.298633260824779 3.286965430414644 3.299456222833657] ... [4.759666906596759 4.789783668481284 4.785723929402626 ... 4.74741272252478 4.745223709960373 4.760893631672764] [3.7580483490016547 3.7734459775848315 3.7735442260585 ... 3.7470318946184276 3.744971756659746 3.759035532670431] [3.6352602707009423 3.643232247241874 3.634105680960835 ... 3.6372344063185853 3.632269353856809 3.6384941857202446]]] [[[1.0862724956475773 1.0860446927466672 1.0860161829486048 ... 1.088320079874776 1.0792981002997273 1.0867278753772998] [1.1184824022509192 1.112762308810779 1.1144144728870247 ... 1.1261695518740944 1.119936708444781 1.124393388696549] [1.3200037877484043 1.3159952733048803 1.306052730444875 ... 1.3393309016156925 1.334163869408322 1.323909427937455] ... [2.409194631767233 2.4361990963624853 2.44148343659743 ... 2.3642063839473813 2.3765069469422238 2.3946821564862506] [2.3656993674856226 2.377258156354943 2.3830785567597514 ... 2.35003719114838 2.3552194422494757 2.365565643104881] [2.267505430181293 2.2711492114459064 2.266682863151402 ... 2.2745980803246586 2.2684174389690774 2.271919540324173]] [[0.39571034413386785 0.39914452036822834 0.39914452036822834 ... 0.39544561798951766 0.3983828499358645 0.39571034413386785] [0.21708159394649687 0.22399121196603344 0.22399121196603344 ... 0.2032079184994876 0.20637849589750448 0.21378054860352202] [0.6187779441931194 0.6187779441931194 0.6187779441931194 ... 0.6011976939069851 0.6011976939069851 0.6114292879953538] ... [4.7682894947927315 4.775186182408954 4.7534778540149185 ... 4.810070933352851 4.7872425621603965 4.791997242229796] [4.000432219911462 4.007281179828827 3.990341215175466 ... 4.017326860763181 4.006786742270167 4.0120674044571185] [3.067257150585885 3.0726248331131916 3.065809624852196 ... 3.0730213852107524 3.0647089089766766 3.068579509245116]] [[0.5409541335420431 0.5386287801056767 0.5386287801056767 ... 0.5413675953387934 0.5386997784680168 0.5361340311910651] [0.5467513774749667 0.5469210764167224 0.5472037362153029 ... 0.5392788313250446 0.539106893714072 0.5466947445822288] [0.64663628426023 0.6500031742763777 0.6534473498744691 ... 0.6339657835743101 0.6299871749045212 0.6433478932237927] ... [5.026068275674842 5.040923792830384 5.043561640445105 ... 5.018196919656913 5.00594422064639 5.023433551460625] [3.510181725219277 3.5292910733903526 3.5275962535493854 ... 3.4907018802748597 3.497859626622967 3.5123604600834817] [4.8840914308828856 4.894766960889295 4.8841480484666535 ... 4.894708312311189 4.886469632354758 4.895564609787167]]]]

    Units

    meter/second

• Indexes: (4)
  • longitude
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})

    <PintIndex (units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([ -180.0, -179.25,  -178.5, -177.75,  -177.0, -176.25,  -175.5, -174.75,
            -174.0, -173.25,
           ...
             172.5,  173.25,   174.0,  174.75,   175.5,  176.25,   177.0,  177.75,
             178.5,  179.25],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=480))

  • latitude
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})

    <PintIndex (units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([  90.0,  89.25,   88.5,  87.75,   87.0,  86.25,   85.5,  84.75,   84.0,
            83.25,
           ...
           -83.25,  -84.0, -84.75,  -85.5, -86.25,  -87.0, -87.75,  -88.5, -89.25,
            -90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=241))

  • level
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'level': 'mbar'})

    <PintIndex (units={'level': 'mbar'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([200, 500, 850], dtype='int32', name='level'))

  • month
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'month': 'month'})

    <PintIndex (units={'month': 'month'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([1, 7], dtype='int32', name='month'))

• Attributes: (2)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.0

  Info :

  Monthly ERA-Interim data. Downloaded and edited by fabien.maussion@uibk.ac.at

Note how all variables are associated with a pint.Quantity array, and how all coordinate variables are associated with a pint_xarray.PintIndex wrapping a PandasIndex.

Selection

With the PintIndex, selecting with quantities will convert the indexers to the index’ units:

ureg = pint_xarray.unit_registry

quantified.sel(
    latitude=slice(
        ureg.Quantity(4800, "arcmin"), ureg.Quantity(600, "arcmin")
    ),
    longitude=slice(
        ureg.Quantity(-10, "degree"), ureg.Quantity(np.pi, "radians")
    ),
)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 5MB
Dimensions:    (month: 2, level: 3, latitude: 93, longitude: 253)
Coordinates:
  * month      (month) int32 8B [month] 1 7
  * level      (level) int32 12B [mbar] 200 500 850
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 372B [degrees_north] 79.5 78.75 ... 11.25 10.5
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 1kB [degrees_east] -9.75 -9.0 ... 178.5 179.2
Data variables:
    z          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 1MB [m²/s²] 1.075e...
    u          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 1MB [m/s] 9.438 .....
    v          (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 1MB [m/s] 1.211 .....
    windspeed  (month, level, latitude, longitude) float64 1MB [m/s] 9.515 .....
Indexes:
    longitude  PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})
    latitude   PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})
    level      PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'level': 'mbar'})
    month      PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'month': 'month'})
Attributes: (2)

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • month: 2
  • level: 3
  • latitude: 93
  • longitude: 253
• Coordinates: (4)
  • month
    (month)
    int32
    [month] 1 7

    Magnitude	[1 7]
    Units	month

  • level
    (level)
    int32
    [mbar] 200 500 850

    long_name :

    pressure_level

    Magnitude	[200 500 850]
    Units	millibar

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    [degrees_north] 79.5 78.75 ... 10.5

    long_name :

    latitude

    Magnitude

    [79.5 78.75 78.0 77.25 76.5 75.75 75.0 74.25 73.5 72.75 72.0 71.25 70.5 69.75 69.0 68.25 67.5 66.75 66.0 65.25 64.5 63.75 63.0 62.25 61.5 60.75 60.0 59.25 58.5 57.75 57.0 56.25 55.5 54.75 54.0 53.25 52.5 51.75 51.0 50.25 49.5 48.75 48.0 47.25 46.5 45.75 45.0 44.25 43.5 42.75 42.0 41.25 40.5 39.75 39.0 38.25 37.5 36.75 36.0 35.25 34.5 33.75 33.0 32.25 31.5 30.75 30.0 29.25 28.5 27.75 27.0 26.25 25.5 24.75 24.0 23.25 22.5 21.75 21.0 20.25 19.5 18.75 18.0 17.25 16.5 15.75 15.0 14.25 13.5 12.75 12.0 11.25 10.5]

    Units

    degrees_north

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    [degrees_east] -9.75 -9.0 ... 179.2

    long_name :

    longitude

    Magnitude

    [-9.75 -9.0 -8.25 -7.5 -6.75 -6.0 -5.25 -4.5 -3.75 -3.0 -2.25 -1.5 -0.75 0.0 0.75 1.5 2.25 3.0 3.75 4.5 5.25 6.0 6.75 7.5 8.25 9.0 9.75 10.5 11.25 12.0 12.75 13.5 14.25 15.0 15.75 16.5 17.25 18.0 18.75 19.5 20.25 21.0 21.75 22.5 23.25 24.0 24.75 25.5 26.25 27.0 27.75 28.5 29.25 30.0 30.75 31.5 32.25 33.0 33.75 34.5 35.25 36.0 36.75 37.5 38.25 39.0 39.75 40.5 41.25 42.0 42.75 43.5 44.25 45.0 45.75 46.5 47.25 48.0 48.75 49.5 50.25 51.0 51.75 52.5 53.25 54.0 54.75 55.5 56.25 57.0 57.75 58.5 59.25 60.0 60.75 61.5 62.25 63.0 63.75 64.5 65.25 66.0 66.75 67.5 68.25 69.0 69.75 70.5 71.25 72.0 72.75 73.5 74.25 75.0 75.75 76.5 77.25 78.0 78.75 79.5 80.25 81.0 81.75 82.5 83.25 84.0 84.75 85.5 86.25 87.0 87.75 88.5 89.25 90.0 90.75 91.5 92.25 93.0 93.75 94.5 95.25 96.0 96.75 97.5 98.25 99.0 99.75 100.5 101.25 102.0 102.75 103.5 104.25 105.0 105.75 106.5 107.25 108.0 108.75 109.5 110.25 111.0 111.75 112.5 113.25 114.0 114.75 115.5 116.25 117.0 117.75 118.5 119.25 120.0 120.75 121.5 122.25 123.0 123.75 124.5 125.25 126.0 126.75 127.5 128.25 129.0 129.75 130.5 131.25 132.0 132.75 133.5 134.25 135.0 135.75 136.5 137.25 138.0 138.75 139.5 140.25 141.0 141.75 142.5 143.25 144.0 144.75 145.5 146.25 147.0 147.75 148.5 149.25 150.0 150.75 151.5 152.25 153.0 153.75 154.5 155.25 156.0 156.75 157.5 158.25 159.0 159.75 160.5 161.25 162.0 162.75 163.5 164.25 165.0 165.75 166.5 167.25 168.0 168.75 169.5 170.25 171.0 171.75 172.5 173.25 174.0 174.75 175.5 176.25 177.0 177.75 178.5 179.25]

    Units

    degrees_east

• Data variables: (4)
  • z
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m²/s²] 1.075e+05 ... 1.477e+04

    number_of_significant_digits :

    5

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    Magnitude

    [[[[107479.22232649698 107480.94735396447 107482.67238143197 ... 107748.32661142648 107755.22672129647 107762.12683116645] [107587.89905694927 107589.62408441678 107593.07413935177 ... 107843.2031221388 107851.82825947629 107858.72836934627] [107705.20092473907 107706.92595220655 107710.37600714155 ... 107939.80466031862 107948.4297976561 107957.05493499359] ... [121231.14129738143 121241.49146218642 121255.29168192638 ... 122173.00629463469 122166.10618476469 122160.9311023622] [121298.4173686138 121310.49256088628 121322.56775315876 ... 122181.63143197217 122174.73132210218 122169.55623969968] [121360.51835744368 121370.86852224867 121382.94371452116 ... 122186.80651437465 122181.63143197217 122176.45634956966]] [[50023.73246658121 50025.45749404871 50027.18252151621 ... 50351.487685405606 50353.2127128731 50354.937740340596] [50092.73356528109 50094.45859274858 50096.18362021608 ... 50404.96353689801 50406.6885643655 50408.413591833] [50166.90974638345 50166.90974638345 50168.63477385094 ... 50456.71436092291 50458.439388390405 50460.1644158579] ... [57432.72543947995 57436.17549441494 57441.35057681744 ... 57515.5267579198 57512.0767029848 57506.90162058231] [57444.80063175243 57448.25068668742 57451.700741622415 ... 57503.451565647316 57500.001510712325 57496.55145577733] [57453.42576908991 57455.150796557406 57458.6008514924 ... 57491.37637337484 57487.926318439844 57484.476263504854]] [[12476.784609045964 12471.609526643471 12468.15947170848 ... 13203.021172862114 13203.021172862114 13204.74620032961] [12471.609526643471 12468.15947170848 12464.70941677349 ... 13225.446529939574 13227.17155740707 13227.17155740707] [12473.334554110974 12469.884499175976 12466.434444240986 ... 13242.696804614541 13244.421832082036 13246.146859549539] ... [14867.672678996525 14865.94765152903 14864.222624061527 ... 14717.595289324301 14717.595289324301 14717.595289324301] [14859.047541659042 14857.322514191546 14855.597486724044 ... 14696.894959714344 14696.894959714344 14696.894959714344] [14848.697376854056 14848.697376854056 14846.97234938656 ... 14677.919657571874 14677.919657571874 14677.919657571874]]] [[[115178.01991393518 115183.19499633767 115186.64505127266 ... 115281.52156198499 115279.79653451749 115278.07150704999] [115217.6955456876 115222.87062809008 115228.04571049259 ... 115340.17249587987 115338.44746841237 115336.72244094488] [115260.82123237502 115265.99631477751 115271.17139718 ... 115402.27348470976 115400.54845724226 115400.54845724226] ... [121929.77742171763 121929.77742171763 121929.77742171763 ... 121859.05129555026 121859.05129555026 121859.05129555026] [121900.4519547702 121900.4519547702 121900.4519547702 ... 121881.47665262772 121881.47665262772 121883.20168009523] [121872.85151529024 121872.85151529024 121871.12648782274 ... 121900.4519547702 121900.4519547702 121900.4519547702]] [[53848.11836202161 53848.11836202161 53848.11836202161 ... 53808.442730269184 53808.442730269184 53810.16775773668] [53886.06896630654 53886.06896630654 53886.06896630654 ... 53861.91858176158 53861.91858176158 53863.64360922908] [53922.29454312397 53922.29454312397 53924.01957059147 ... 53917.11946072148 53917.11946072148 53918.84448818897] ... [57644.903817982056 57643.17879051456 57643.17879051456 ... 57548.302279802236 57550.02730726973 57551.752334737226] [57625.928515839594 57622.4784609046 57622.4784609046 ... 57537.95211499726 57539.67714246475 57539.67714246475] [57606.953213697125 57606.953213697125 57605.22818622963 ... 57527.60195019227 57527.60195019227 57529.32697765977]] [[13748.129852591104 13746.404825123609 13744.679797656107 ... 13682.578808826227 13684.303836293722 13686.028863761218] [13760.205044863578 13760.205044863578 13758.480017396083 ... 13703.279138436184 13705.004165903687 13708.454220838677] [13775.73029207105 13774.005264603555 13774.005264603555 ... 13723.97946804615 13725.704495513644 13729.154550448642] ... [14934.948750228898 14929.773667826412 14924.598585423919 ... 14803.846662699143 14803.846662699143 14805.571690166638] [14933.223722761402 14928.04864035891 14922.873557956424 ... 14784.87136055668 14784.87136055668 14786.596388024176] [14934.948750228898 14929.773667826412 14924.598585423919 ... 14767.621085881707 14767.621085881707 14767.621085881707]]]]

    Units

    meter2/second2

  • u
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m/s] 9.438 9.406 ... -7.89 -7.953

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    Magnitude

    [[[[9.437808055606421 9.40635395684551 9.469262154367332 ... 8.250415827382042 8.311751319965818 8.437567715009461] [10.09362601477141 10.062171916010499 10.12508011353232 ... 8.311751319965818 8.37465951748764 8.500475912531282] [10.688108481352621 10.688108481352621 10.717989875175487 ... 8.343205418726729 8.40611361624855 8.531930011292193] ... [26.874387703717268 26.43717573094061 26.125780153207593 ... 2.9220914972837697 3.180015107123239 3.46152929103339] [25.375599897759873 24.93681522004517 24.625419642312153 ... 2.1561841924555942 2.4219713269852896 2.7113490355856698] [23.938147584386254 23.438027414087774 23.125059131416712 ... 1.4610486098394695 1.7346992690593908 2.0398040270402262]] [[5.68690677836782 5.671179728987365 5.68690677836782 ... 4.656785043947995 4.656785043947995 4.688239142708905] [6.047056209180248 6.0313291597997924 6.047056209180248 ... 4.562422747665263 4.562422747665263 4.593876846426173] [6.312843343709943 6.297116294329488 6.312843343709943 ... 4.406724958798755 4.406724958798755 4.438179057559665] ... [4.233727415613746 4.093756676127693 3.9915308551547355 ... -5.875619926142953 -5.734076481718851 -5.625559840993709] [3.0856528108405072 2.929955021973999 2.772684528169446 ... -6.578619033449307 -6.421348539644754 -6.297104849539153] [1.9533052554477202 1.750426318439846 1.5632744308124273 ... -7.14007469633156 -6.984376907465055 -6.8444061679790025]] [[-0.3900251022401271 -0.32868960965635097 -0.2893719862052109 ... 1.976895829518405 1.9847593542086308 2.0083499282793156] [-0.04717542574620026 0.015732771775621046 0.03932334584630581 ... 1.6246099233962035 1.632473448086433 1.6403369727766588] [0.3208375297564565 0.33656457913691185 0.3287010544466824 ... 1.2345790987609107 1.2345790987609107 1.24244262345114] ... [-4.656773599157663 -4.656773599157663 -4.656773599157663 ... -8.750524552890191 -8.68761635536837 -8.68761635536837] [-4.578138352255387 -4.625319500396753 -4.609592451016297 ... -8.874768242995785 -8.811860045473964 -8.843314144234874] [-4.438167612769334 -4.453894662149789 -4.390986464627968 ... -8.969130539278517 -8.906222341756695 -8.937676440517606]]] [[[3.2649411737776965 3.296395272538607 3.343576420679973 ... 4.7967557834340475 4.781028734053592 4.781028734053592] [3.3514399453702026 3.3828940441311133 3.437938716962705 ... 4.999634720441922 4.983907671061466 4.983907671061466] [3.390757568821339 3.4300751922724793 3.485119865104071 ... 5.18678660806934 5.156905214246475 5.156905214246475] ... [-11.531066883354697 -11.562520982115608 -11.686764672221202 ... 8.561811405115058 8.561811405115058 8.593265503875969] [-12.094095251174998 -12.15700344869682 -12.281247138802414 ... 7.140086141121895 7.124359091741439 7.124359091741439] [-12.655550914057251 -12.718459111579072 -12.875729605383626 ... 5.68690677836782 5.657025384544955 5.625571285784044]] [[2.9928632194958205 3.0007267441860463 3.022744613318686 ... 4.125210774888604 4.125210774888604 4.140937824269059] [2.8749103491424037 2.882773873832633 2.914227972593544 ... 4.218000366233291 4.203846021790881 4.233727415613746] [2.7506666590368063 2.7663937084172616 2.8041386269303565 ... 4.312362662516023 4.296635613135567 4.312362662516023] ... [-9.343434314533354 -9.311980215772444 -9.343434314533354 ... -4.625319500396753 -4.656773599157663 -4.733836141121895] [-8.750524552890191 -8.750524552890191 -8.781978651651102 ... -5.172620818836599 -5.202502212659461 -5.281137459561741] [-8.124587987548068 -8.156042086308979 -8.18749618506989 ... -5.67116828419703 -5.7183494323384 -5.796984679240673]] [[1.155943851858634 1.1873979506195447 1.2188520493804553 ... 1.7740168925105309 1.7818804172007567 1.8054709912714415] [1.0851721296465868 1.1244897530977234 1.1480803271684081 ... 1.6560640221571141 1.6560640221571141 1.6639275468473436] [1.1244897530977234 1.1402168024781787 1.155943851858634 ... 1.5082297579808355 1.5160932826710614 1.5318203320515167] ... [0.05505039522676114 0.07864096929744235 0.1557035112616738 ... -8.18749618506989 -8.18749618506989 -8.25040438259171] [0.4136271211011433 0.5315799914545565 0.5866246642861519 ... -8.063252494964289 -8.063252494964289 -8.156042086308979] [1.0710177852041767 1.155943851858634 1.0788813098944026 ... -7.858800853018373 -7.8902549517792835 -7.953163149301105]]]]

    Units

    meter/second

  • v
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m/s] 1.211 1.078 ... -0.258 -0.289

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    Magnitude

    [[[[1.210864539461637 1.0780305804797656 0.9533195614356345 ... 3.4375057223951657 3.3204398232924373 3.2110190441311115] [1.22663259934078 1.086153520417506 0.9533195614356345 ... 3.66399240065922 3.5392813816150888 3.429860602453763] [1.2342777192821828 1.086153520417506 0.9451966214978942 ... 3.8828339589818714 3.765768059879143 3.6563472807178172] ... [3.4064474226332173 3.468564022157114 3.570339681377037 ... -1.5781707791613258 -1.7501859778428859 -1.9217233565281084] [3.0390038454495514 3.1173663248489287 3.2267871040102545 ... -1.1017842428126716 -1.2656765015564915 -1.4295687603003113] [2.7188644479033144 2.796749107306354 2.921937946346823 ... -0.6330428264054203 -0.7811670252700971 -0.9531822239516572]] [[1.0154361609595313 0.9533195614356345 0.8983702618568028 ... 0.8673119620948544 0.7813043627540743 0.702941883354697] [0.9299063816150888 0.8749570820362571 0.820485602453763 ... 0.8983702618568028 0.8123626625160227 0.734478003112983] [0.8515439022157114 0.7970724226332173 0.7421231230543857 ... 0.9141383217359458 0.8281307223951657 0.7421231230543857] ... [2.14834737227614 2.1172890725141915 2.093875892693646 ... -2.2342176341329427 -2.2733988738326314 -2.328348173411463] [2.0155134132942685 1.9610419337117744 1.9218606940120857 ... -2.156332974729903 -2.1873912744918513 -2.2342176341329427] [1.8358530946713056 1.7656135552096686 1.7187871955685772 ... -2.06268025544772 -2.086093435268266 -2.1329197949093572]] [[-1.4376917002380516 -1.452981940120857 -1.46875 ... 0.6174121040102545 0.5624628044314228 0.5156364447903314] [-1.3125028611975829 -1.3125028611975829 -1.3048577412561801 ... 0.6250572239516572 0.5782308643105658 0.5314045046694744] [-1.1562557223951657 -1.1017842428126716 -1.0702481230543857 ... 0.6092891640725142 0.5548176844900201 0.49986838491118846] ... [-1.13284254257462 -1.1873140221571141 -1.2814445614356345 ... -1.5079312396996887 -1.484518059879143 -1.4998082997619484] [-1.4453368201794543 -1.5313444195202344 -1.5781707791613258 ... -1.5155763596410914 -1.4998082997619484 -1.4998082997619484] [-1.7420630379051456 -1.7970123374839773 -1.820425517304523 ... -1.5155763596410914 -1.4998082997619484 -1.4998082997619484]]] [[[2.164115432155283 2.1717605520966856 2.2032966718549716 ... -0.6641011261673686 -0.6483330662882256 -0.6406879463468229] [2.2420000915583227 2.2577681514374657 2.2811813312580114 ... -0.6641011261673686 -0.6483330662882256 -0.6330428264054203] [2.3280076908991028 2.336130630836843 2.3671889305987914 ... -0.6798691860465116 -0.6641011261673686 -0.6483330662882256] ... [-0.24218606940120857 -0.29665754898370267 -0.31242560886284565 ... 2.429783350119026 2.5310811893426113 2.6252117286211316] [-0.5704484068851858 -0.5938615867057315 -0.5780935268265885 ... 2.3595438106573887 2.4374284700604285 2.500022889580663] [-0.8829426844900201 -0.8748197445522798 -0.8595295046694744 ... 2.23435497161692 2.288826451199414 2.3437757507782457]] [[0.24232340688518583 0.2891497665262772 0.3359761261673686 ... 0.5466947445522798 0.5624628044314228 0.5858759842519685] [0.3125629463468229 0.367034425929317 0.4296288454495514 ... 0.5314045046694744 0.5548176844900201 0.5782308643105658] [0.398570545687603 0.46881008514924005 0.5314045046694744 ... 0.5079913248489287 0.5314045046694744 0.5548176844900201] ... [-0.6798691860465116 -0.7577538454495514 -0.8279933849111885 ... 0.5782308643105658 0.5858759842519685 0.5858759842519685] [-0.7185726057498627 -0.79693508514924 -0.8671746246108771 ... 0.5314045046694744 0.5314045046694744 0.5314045046694744] [-0.7653989653909541 -0.8279933849111885 -0.8905878044314228 ... 0.48457814502838303 0.48457814502838303 0.48457814502838303]] [[-0.26559924922175426 -0.26559924922175426 -0.273244369163157 ... 0.9533195614356345 0.9609646813770372 0.9686098013184399] [-0.09358405054019414 -0.11699723036073983 -0.13276529023988282 ... 0.9375515015564915 0.9451966214978942 0.9533195614356345] [0.04689502838308002 0.04689502838308002 0.039249908441677306 ... 0.9141383217359458 0.9217834416773485 0.9375515015564915] ... [-0.7653989653909541 -0.4920859274858085 -0.1719465299395715 ... -0.18771458981871447 -0.2030048297015199 -0.24218606940120857] [-0.38266514832448273 -0.2030048297015199 -0.00757645119941408 ... -0.23454094945980586 -0.24983118934261128 -0.28136730910089724] [-0.07017087071964845 -0.01569939113715435 0.031126968503937036 ... -0.23454094945980586 -0.25795412928035155 -0.28901242904229996]]]]

    Units

    meter/second

  • windspeed
    (month, level, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    [m/s] 9.515 9.468 ... 7.894 7.958

    number_of_significant_digits :

    2

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    Magnitude

    [[[[9.515167566963553 9.467927159305395 9.517128975397426 ... 8.937886042919523 8.950448627027576 9.027911843119796] [10.167886390978003 10.120624147613908 10.169860642686482 ... 9.083504297188504 9.0918334087297 9.16635339116865] [10.759140504588565 10.74315560620236 10.759586591391663 ... 9.202471201372699 9.211066996286869 9.28238682423874] ... [27.089418570594578 26.663743116907607 26.36861228912419 ... 3.3210302206840527 3.6298274116781206 3.9591925555228786] [25.556928894995345 25.130911764637162 24.835930575973595 ... 2.4213753921078975 2.7327425995382666 3.0651395454690005] [24.092055405422137 23.6042990709902 23.308927070841783 ... 1.5922959085475317 1.9024729894126007 2.2515232223512487]] [[5.776852023622389 5.750747577897419 5.757428057147959 ... 4.736863623235374 4.7218728755438 4.740644845440563] [6.118138170681817 6.094463169899107 6.102465519838625 ... 4.650029081178107 4.634181095281406 4.652221234763811] [6.370017119256721 6.347361504690932 6.356314798056727 ... 4.500541493394556 4.483862771748777 4.499797781760108] ... [4.747614586472373 4.608878034828874 4.507397788264966 ... 6.286066970145858 6.168304105485131 6.0883601027887355] [3.6855864646236474 3.525666163516715 3.3736223884630063 ... 6.923005148428608 6.783686140684937 6.681710703312447] [2.6806264204797157 2.486238830568576 2.3233717674281946 ... 7.432046589292083 7.289259674768109 7.169047540907034]] [[1.4896566736368488 1.4896957333003993 1.496984538631027 ... 2.0710661087820523 2.0629188303196813 2.0734874915502974] [1.3133504031469199 1.3125971509795324 1.3054501332661959 ... 1.740705011313396 1.7318546391509166 1.7242668389321598] [1.1999433386922034 1.1520435033625678 1.1195871686009073 ... 1.3767421096754053 1.353516979620193 1.3392281638323889] ... [4.792585166700613 4.805752276285443 4.829869617064707 ... 8.87950091921817 8.813539119341975 8.816127430686265] [4.800869639571369 4.87222702795613 4.872264932520101 ... 9.003248473122879 8.938585033273176 8.969594750581512] [4.767820821619658 4.802752440277972 4.753389442976397 ... 9.096278048329518 9.031623405392905 9.062642279788951]]] [[[3.917044354091683 3.9475011954980053 4.004250180137887 ... 4.842509303210965 4.824787199523808 4.823765831841364] [4.032209582594952 4.067122956029619 4.12591939907595 ... 5.043548120482756 5.025900062526913 5.023950526600426] [4.113010661231572 4.15005086101089 4.213032625946833 ... 5.23115450238119 5.199490522589617 5.197500086923056] ... [11.533609910197736 11.566326001078851 11.690940007756042 ... 8.899913576281172 8.928100947222893 8.985318505216977] [12.107541093443023 12.171499678995643 12.294845400008137 ... 7.519858848213345 7.529777554133989 7.550271976326823] [12.686313756264653 12.748510177992063 12.904386999790022 ... 6.110094176445656 6.102512820559749 6.09428724801958]] [[3.0026573038119637 3.0146257778960877 3.041359063757774 ... 4.161278539220623 4.163379437863656 4.182178467424051] [2.8918515022447306 2.9060453330031293 2.9457266711439796 ... 4.251343062742312 4.240299993862449 4.273031565780997] [2.7793930180934145 2.8058362471655838 2.854046983955568 ... 4.342179973145292 4.329372742054888 4.347906898277049] ... [9.368136789145156 9.342760107657211 9.380049991095786 ... 4.661322925221102 4.693483889685255 4.769953383411105] [8.779978732347148 8.78673918360366 8.824689278814564 ... 5.199845851854151 5.229571686123979 5.307805913404262] [8.160561594867838 8.197962890810132 8.235790212112981 ... 5.691833244774608 5.738844501200921 5.817202708346189]] [[1.1860645639411604 1.2167402575417048 1.2491048008707306 ... 2.0139399497325017 2.024487821661966 2.048885171875874] [1.0891999474280276 1.1305598421728338 1.155731396096688 ... 1.903037273296041 1.9068153289645624 1.9176738688768873] [1.1254671690053109 1.1411807483219352 1.156610022420027 ... 1.7636342801513984 1.774323407699637 1.795961120892446] ... [0.7673761282683776 0.49833017376194433 0.23196808525630017 ... 8.189647767014453 8.190012499466416 8.25395823641606] [0.5634891401372508 0.5690239434303002 0.5866735884302424 ... 8.066662894563112 8.067121941604464 8.160893950804287] [1.073314048785915 1.1560504571738437 1.0793302409400503 ... 7.862299937319602 7.89447044056093 7.958412672357597]]]]

    Units

    meter/second

• Indexes: (4)
  • longitude
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})

    <PintIndex (units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([ -9.75,   -9.0,  -8.25,   -7.5,  -6.75,   -6.0,  -5.25,   -4.5,  -3.75,
             -3.0,
           ...
            172.5, 173.25,  174.0, 174.75,  175.5, 176.25,  177.0, 177.75,  178.5,
           179.25],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=253))

  • latitude
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})

    <PintIndex (units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([ 79.5, 78.75,  78.0, 77.25,  76.5, 75.75,  75.0, 74.25,  73.5, 72.75,
            72.0, 71.25,  70.5, 69.75,  69.0, 68.25,  67.5, 66.75,  66.0, 65.25,
            64.5, 63.75,  63.0, 62.25,  61.5, 60.75,  60.0, 59.25,  58.5, 57.75,
            57.0, 56.25,  55.5, 54.75,  54.0, 53.25,  52.5, 51.75,  51.0, 50.25,
            49.5, 48.75,  48.0, 47.25,  46.5, 45.75,  45.0, 44.25,  43.5, 42.75,
            42.0, 41.25,  40.5, 39.75,  39.0, 38.25,  37.5, 36.75,  36.0, 35.25,
            34.5, 33.75,  33.0, 32.25,  31.5, 30.75,  30.0, 29.25,  28.5, 27.75,
            27.0, 26.25,  25.5, 24.75,  24.0, 23.25,  22.5, 21.75,  21.0, 20.25,
            19.5, 18.75,  18.0, 17.25,  16.5, 15.75,  15.0, 14.25,  13.5, 12.75,
            12.0, 11.25,  10.5],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude'))

  • level
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'level': 'mbar'})

    <PintIndex (units={'level': 'mbar'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([200, 500, 850], dtype='int32', name='level'))

  • month
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'month': 'month'})

    <PintIndex (units={'month': 'month'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([1, 7], dtype='int32', name='month'))

• Attributes: (2)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.0

  Info :

  Monthly ERA-Interim data. Downloaded and edited by fabien.maussion@uibk.ac.at

or raise on incompatible units:

quantified.sel(month=ureg.Quantity(10, "m"))

  + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
  |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 3701, in run_code
  |     exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  |     ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  |   File "/tmp/ipykernel_735/1181962863.py", line 1, in <module>
  |     quantified.sel(month=ureg.Quantity(10, "m"))
  |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/dataset.py", line 3001, in sel
  |     query_results = map_index_queries(
  |         self, indexers=indexers, method=method, tolerance=tolerance
  |     )
  |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py", line 214, in map_index_queries
  |     results.append(index.sel(labels, **options))
  |                    ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint_xarray/index.py", line 63, in sel
  |     converted_labels = conversion.convert_indexer_units(labels, self.units)
  |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint_xarray/conversion.py", line 485, in convert_indexer_units
  |     raise create_exception_group(invalid, "convert_indexers")
  | pint_xarray.errors.PintExceptionGroup: Cannot convert indexers (1 sub-exception)
  +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
    | Traceback (most recent call last):
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint_xarray/conversion.py", line 480, in convert_indexer_units
    |     converted[name] = convert(indexer, indexer_units)
    |                       ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint_xarray/conversion.py", line 473, in convert
    |     return array_convert_units(indexer, units)
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint_xarray/conversion.py", line 89, in array_convert_units
    |     return data.to(unit)
    |            ~~~~~~~^^^^^^
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint/facets/plain/quantity.py", line 537, in to
    |     magnitude = self._convert_magnitude_not_inplace(other, *contexts, **ctx_kwargs)
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint/facets/plain/quantity.py", line 480, in _convert_magnitude_not_inplace
    |     return self._REGISTRY.convert(self._magnitude, self._units, other, **ctx_kwargs)
    |            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint/facets/plain/registry.py", line 1115, in convert
    |     return self._convert(value, src, dst, inplace, **ctx_kwargs)
    |            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint/facets/context/registry.py", line 410, in _convert
    |     return super()._convert(value, src, dst, inplace, **ctx_kwargs)
    |            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint/facets/nonmultiplicative/registry.py", line 264, in _convert
    |     return super()._convert(value, src, dst, inplace)
    |            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |   File "/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xarray-indexes/envs/39/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pint/facets/plain/registry.py", line 1150, in _convert
    |     raise factor
    | pint.errors.DimensionalityError: Cannot convert from 'meter' ([length]) to 'month' ([time])
    | incompatible units for indexer for 'month'
    +------------------------------------

Numerical operations

We can also perform numerical operations, like integration:

quantified["windspeed"].integrate("month")

<xarray.DataArray 'windspeed' (level: 3, latitude: 241, longitude: 480)> Size: 3MB
[m·month/s] 7.107 7.108 7.11 7.09 7.071 7.101 ... 25.59 25.57 25.6 25.56 25.6
Coordinates:
  * level      (level) int32 12B [mbar] 200 500 850
  * latitude   (latitude) float32 964B [degrees_north] 90.0 89.25 ... -90.0
  * longitude  (longitude) float32 2kB [degrees_east] -180.0 -179.2 ... 179.2
Indexes:
    longitude  PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})
    latitude   PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})
    level      PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'level': 'mbar'})

xarray.DataArray

'windspeed'

• level: 3
• latitude: 241
• longitude: 480

• [m·month/s] 7.107 7.108 7.11 7.09 7.071 ... 25.57 25.6 25.56 25.6

  Magnitude

  [[[7.106655907377615 7.107987218353831 7.110496246341027 ... 7.110310613475005 7.083242217325713 7.106102069186607] [9.418765870305108 9.442951642748277 9.420962614113783 ... 9.441772697134002 9.413337755493986 9.467317038549751] [12.479442183911132 12.501234313653107 12.459970532573983 ... 12.516205088438099 12.4826989627163 12.50586381908489] ... [9.792044437833907 9.883913486740338 9.924219467667085 ... 9.656639943107384 9.68145321262169 9.758614693761025] [9.40466243303656 9.45409092461463 9.453499176043348 ... 9.365270409177258 9.378430650827816 9.406632412283898] [8.773466018884964 8.797578723286119 8.779322205600604 ... 8.795205214774487 8.76926606861945 8.793249742374053]] [[7.797599352104047 7.813873964415079 7.808968887028341 ... 7.801013016404987 7.821346784858675 7.816611405829383] [8.104884410592906 8.160979718113305 8.137280550421618 ... 8.043333860287754 8.040731787583518 8.104074013504446] [10.399122691612849 10.438355676031172 10.449534066626027 ... 10.327643130454817 10.309449118045151 10.392218496790807] ... [23.9601377340506 23.967535805614013 23.871833967916743 ... 24.176126138810645 24.05263159935299 24.08291690082292] [20.89617519374536 20.90966499531735 20.835787282716183 ... 20.99715734003985 20.936764857322352 20.956890909693982] [17.60892629406481 17.645263734406807 17.58511944807897 ... 17.644977923771915 17.604420587510937 17.635172585366544]] [[11.396041924196055 11.409231938422813 11.384695641261487 ... 11.431907242296223 11.395980689064086 11.405597673400482] [11.360333880520084 11.382837313938982 11.361223375413946 ... 11.3567177137842 11.349004516117645 11.390019301024958] [11.830813591044954 11.858872227178153 11.869451394741276 ... 11.797797133197268 11.750857815957495 11.82841234817235] ... [29.357205546814804 29.492122383935005 29.48785670954319 ... 29.296828926545082 29.253503791820293 29.352981549400166] [21.804690222662796 21.908211152925553 21.903421438823656 ... 21.713201324679865 21.72849414984814 21.81418797826174] [25.55805510475148 25.613997624393505 25.554761188282466 ... 25.595828155889325 25.5562169586347 25.60217638652223]]]

  Units

  meter month/second

• Coordinates: (3)
  • level
    (level)
    int32
    [mbar] 200 500 850

    long_name :

    pressure_level

    Magnitude	[200 500 850]
    Units	millibar

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    [degrees_north] 90.0 ... -90.0

    long_name :

    latitude

    Magnitude

    [90.0 89.25 88.5 87.75 87.0 86.25 85.5 84.75 84.0 83.25 82.5 81.75 81.0 80.25 79.5 78.75 78.0 77.25 76.5 75.75 75.0 74.25 73.5 72.75 72.0 71.25 70.5 69.75 69.0 68.25 67.5 66.75 66.0 65.25 64.5 63.75 63.0 62.25 61.5 60.75 60.0 59.25 58.5 57.75 57.0 56.25 55.5 54.75 54.0 53.25 52.5 51.75 51.0 50.25 49.5 48.75 48.0 47.25 46.5 45.75 45.0 44.25 43.5 42.75 42.0 41.25 40.5 39.75 39.0 38.25 37.5 36.75 36.0 35.25 34.5 33.75 33.0 32.25 31.5 30.75 30.0 29.25 28.5 27.75 27.0 26.25 25.5 24.75 24.0 23.25 22.5 21.75 21.0 20.25 19.5 18.75 18.0 17.25 16.5 15.75 15.0 14.25 13.5 12.75 12.0 11.25 10.5 9.75 9.0 8.25 7.5 6.75 6.0 5.25 4.5 3.75 3.0 2.25 1.5 0.75 0.0 -0.75 -1.5 -2.25 -3.0 -3.75 -4.5 -5.25 -6.0 -6.75 -7.5 -8.25 -9.0 -9.75 -10.5 -11.25 -12.0 -12.75 -13.5 -14.25 -15.0 -15.75 -16.5 -17.25 -18.0 -18.75 -19.5 -20.25 -21.0 -21.75 -22.5 -23.25 -24.0 -24.75 -25.5 -26.25 -27.0 -27.75 -28.5 -29.25 -30.0 -30.75 -31.5 -32.25 -33.0 -33.75 -34.5 -35.25 -36.0 -36.75 -37.5 -38.25 -39.0 -39.75 -40.5 -41.25 -42.0 -42.75 -43.5 -44.25 -45.0 -45.75 -46.5 -47.25 -48.0 -48.75 -49.5 -50.25 -51.0 -51.75 -52.5 -53.25 -54.0 -54.75 -55.5 -56.25 -57.0 -57.75 -58.5 -59.25 -60.0 -60.75 -61.5 -62.25 -63.0 -63.75 -64.5 -65.25 -66.0 -66.75 -67.5 -68.25 -69.0 -69.75 -70.5 -71.25 -72.0 -72.75 -73.5 -74.25 -75.0 -75.75 -76.5 -77.25 -78.0 -78.75 -79.5 -80.25 -81.0 -81.75 -82.5 -83.25 -84.0 -84.75 -85.5 -86.25 -87.0 -87.75 -88.5 -89.25 -90.0]

    Units

    degrees_north

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    [degrees_east] -180.0 ... 179.2

    long_name :

    longitude

    Magnitude

    [-180.0 -179.25 -178.5 -177.75 -177.0 -176.25 -175.5 -174.75 -174.0 -173.25 -172.5 -171.75 -171.0 -170.25 -169.5 -168.75 -168.0 -167.25 -166.5 -165.75 -165.0 -164.25 -163.5 -162.75 -162.0 -161.25 -160.5 -159.75 -159.0 -158.25 -157.5 -156.75 -156.0 -155.25 -154.5 -153.75 -153.0 -152.25 -151.5 -150.75 -150.0 -149.25 -148.5 -147.75 -147.0 -146.25 -145.5 -144.75 -144.0 -143.25 -142.5 -141.75 -141.0 -140.25 -139.5 -138.75 -138.0 -137.25 -136.5 -135.75 -135.0 -134.25 -133.5 -132.75 -132.0 -131.25 -130.5 -129.75 -129.0 -128.25 -127.5 -126.75 -126.0 -125.25 -124.5 -123.75 -123.0 -122.25 -121.5 -120.75 -120.0 -119.25 -118.5 -117.75 -117.0 -116.25 -115.5 -114.75 -114.0 -113.25 -112.5 -111.75 -111.0 -110.25 -109.5 -108.75 -108.0 -107.25 -106.5 -105.75 -105.0 -104.25 -103.5 -102.75 -102.0 -101.25 -100.5 -99.75 -99.0 -98.25 -97.5 -96.75 -96.0 -95.25 -94.5 -93.75 -93.0 -92.25 -91.5 -90.75 -90.0 -89.25 -88.5 -87.75 -87.0 -86.25 -85.5 -84.75 -84.0 -83.25 -82.5 -81.75 -81.0 -80.25 -79.5 -78.75 -78.0 -77.25 -76.5 -75.75 -75.0 -74.25 -73.5 -72.75 -72.0 -71.25 -70.5 -69.75 -69.0 -68.25 -67.5 -66.75 -66.0 -65.25 -64.5 -63.75 -63.0 -62.25 -61.5 -60.75 -60.0 -59.25 -58.5 -57.75 -57.0 -56.25 -55.5 -54.75 -54.0 -53.25 -52.5 -51.75 -51.0 -50.25 -49.5 -48.75 -48.0 -47.25 -46.5 -45.75 -45.0 -44.25 -43.5 -42.75 -42.0 -41.25 -40.5 -39.75 -39.0 -38.25 -37.5 -36.75 -36.0 -35.25 -34.5 -33.75 -33.0 -32.25 -31.5 -30.75 -30.0 -29.25 -28.5 -27.75 -27.0 -26.25 -25.5 -24.75 -24.0 -23.25 -22.5 -21.75 -21.0 -20.25 -19.5 -18.75 -18.0 -17.25 -16.5 -15.75 -15.0 -14.25 -13.5 -12.75 -12.0 -11.25 -10.5 -9.75 -9.0 -8.25 -7.5 -6.75 -6.0 -5.25 -4.5 -3.75 -3.0 -2.25 -1.5 -0.75 0.0 0.75 1.5 2.25 3.0 3.75 4.5 5.25 6.0 6.75 7.5 8.25 9.0 9.75 10.5 11.25 12.0 12.75 13.5 14.25 15.0 15.75 16.5 17.25 18.0 18.75 19.5 20.25 21.0 21.75 22.5 23.25 24.0 24.75 25.5 26.25 27.0 27.75 28.5 29.25 30.0 30.75 31.5 32.25 33.0 33.75 34.5 35.25 36.0 36.75 37.5 38.25 39.0 39.75 40.5 41.25 42.0 42.75 43.5 44.25 45.0 45.75 46.5 47.25 48.0 48.75 49.5 50.25 51.0 51.75 52.5 53.25 54.0 54.75 55.5 56.25 57.0 57.75 58.5 59.25 60.0 60.75 61.5 62.25 63.0 63.75 64.5 65.25 66.0 66.75 67.5 68.25 69.0 69.75 70.5 71.25 72.0 72.75 73.5 74.25 75.0 75.75 76.5 77.25 78.0 78.75 79.5 80.25 81.0 81.75 82.5 83.25 84.0 84.75 85.5 86.25 87.0 87.75 88.5 89.25 90.0 90.75 91.5 92.25 93.0 93.75 94.5 95.25 96.0 96.75 97.5 98.25 99.0 99.75 100.5 101.25 102.0 102.75 103.5 104.25 105.0 105.75 106.5 107.25 108.0 108.75 109.5 110.25 111.0 111.75 112.5 113.25 114.0 114.75 115.5 116.25 117.0 117.75 118.5 119.25 120.0 120.75 121.5 122.25 123.0 123.75 124.5 125.25 126.0 126.75 127.5 128.25 129.0 129.75 130.5 131.25 132.0 132.75 133.5 134.25 135.0 135.75 136.5 137.25 138.0 138.75 139.5 140.25 141.0 141.75 142.5 143.25 144.0 144.75 145.5 146.25 147.0 147.75 148.5 149.25 150.0 150.75 151.5 152.25 153.0 153.75 154.5 155.25 156.0 156.75 157.5 158.25 159.0 159.75 160.5 161.25 162.0 162.75 163.5 164.25 165.0 165.75 166.5 167.25 168.0 168.75 169.5 170.25 171.0 171.75 172.5 173.25 174.0 174.75 175.5 176.25 177.0 177.75 178.5 179.25]

    Units

    degrees_east

• Indexes: (3)
  • longitude
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})

    <PintIndex (units={'longitude': 'degrees_east'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([ -180.0, -179.25,  -178.5, -177.75,  -177.0, -176.25,  -175.5, -174.75,
            -174.0, -173.25,
           ...
             172.5,  173.25,   174.0,  174.75,   175.5,  176.25,   177.0,  177.75,
             178.5,  179.25],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=480))

  • latitude
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})

    <PintIndex (units={'latitude': 'degrees_north'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([  90.0,  89.25,   88.5,  87.75,   87.0,  86.25,   85.5,  84.75,   84.0,
            83.25,
           ...
           -83.25,  -84.0, -84.75,  -85.5, -86.25,  -87.0, -87.75,  -88.5, -89.25,
            -90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=241))

  • level
    PintIndex(PandasIndex, units={'level': 'mbar'})

    <PintIndex (units={'level': 'mbar'})>
    PandasIndex(Index([200, 500, 850], dtype='int32', name='level'))

Note how the units are displayed as "meter * months / second" and not the expected "meter"? This is caused by pint trying avoid implicit conversions as much as possible, which can substantially reduce the amount of computations.